As an underlying principle of how people are categorized and valued, gender is differently constructed throughout the world and has been throughout history. Men’s domination of women has not been the same throughout time and place rather, it varies with political, economic, and family structures, and is differently justified by religions and laws. Gendered power imbalances, which are usually based on the ability to amass and distribute material resources, change with rules about property ownership and inheritance.
The gendered division of work has shifted with changing means of producing food and other goods, which in turn modifies patterns of child care and family structures. The source of gendered social orders lies in the evolution of human societies and their diversity in history. And just as the institutions of family, economy, religion, and language are intertwined and affect each other reciprocally, as a social institution, gender pervades kinship and family life, work roles and organizations, the rules of most religions, and the symbolism and meanings of language and other cultural representations of human life. Like these institutions, gender structures social life, patterns social roles, and provides individuals with identities and values. Gender is a social institution as encompassing as the four main institutions of traditional sociology-family, economy, religion, and symbolic language. In sociology, the main ordering principles of social life are called institutions.
The gendered social order is based on and maintains these differences.
Gender is the division of people into two categories, “men” and “women.” Through interaction with caretakers, socialization in childhood, peer pressure in adolescence, and gendered work and family roles, women and men are socially constructed to be different in behavior, attitudes, and emotions.
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